This episode focuses on addressing chronic pain in older athletes using a comprehensive “systems thinking” approach to physical therapy. Rather than treating pain as an isolated symptom with a checklist of generic exercises, the discussion highlights the importance of diagnosing the underlying root causes through a simplified series of diagnostic tests. The conversation digs into how systemic bodily compensations hide underlying structural issues, how dysfunctional walking patterns directly trigger chronic lower body pain, and how most chronic back pain is mistreated by conventional physical therapy methods.